Muscle loss, also known as muscle atrophy, occurs when muscle fibers shrink or deteriorate over time. This leads to decreased muscle mass and strength. There are several potential causes:
Aging - As we get older, muscles naturally lose mass and function due to changes in hormones, metabolism, nerves, etc. This typical age-related loss is called sarcopenia.
Inactivity - Using your muscles stimulates growth. Without regular physical activity, muscle fibers shrink. Being bedridden, immobilized in a cast, or sitting for long periods can spur rapid loss.
Malnutrition - Not consuming enough protein and calories can hamper muscle maintenance and growth. This malnutrition-related loss is termed cachexia.
Diseases - Certain illnesses like cancer, kidney disease, heart failure, diabetes, etc. can instigate extreme metabolism changes that drain muscle.
Nerve damage - If motor neurons are injured due to stroke, spinal cord issues, or conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the communication link between nerves and muscles breaks, provoking weakness and degeneration.
Injuries - Direct trauma from strains, sprains, bruises, etc. creates swelling and damage that hampers muscular health and performance if not properly treated.
Hormone changes - Reduced levels of vital hormones like testosterone, estrogen, growth hormone, etc. that support muscle can lead to declines. This is common during/after menopause or andropause.
The impacts of muscle loss range from minor frustration to severe disability depending on extent and location. Early signs like fatigue, weakness, reduced coordination, strength struggles with daily tasks, frequent falls or fractures highlight need for prompt medical attention.
Fortunately, progressive muscle loss is not necessarily irreversible. Some key prevention and treatment strategies include: