Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. It is the 1 cause of death globally, responsible for over 17 million deaths per year. The most common types of CVD include:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) - when plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart muscle. This can cause angina (chest pain) and heart attacks.
Cerebrovascular disease - disease of blood vessels supplying the brain, which can lead to strokes.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - when arteries supplying the arms and legs become narrowed due to fatty deposits, reducing blood flow. This commonly causes cramping pain on walking.
Rheumatic heart disease - damage to heart valves from rheumatic fever, causing heart failure.
Congenital heart disease - malformations of heart structure from birth.
There are various risk factors that increase one's likelihood of developing CVD:
- High blood pressure
- High LDL "bad" cholesterol
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Unhealthy diet - high in saturated fats, salt, sugar
- Age - risk increases after 45 years
- Family history of early CVD
- Ethnicity - higher rates seen in South Asians
Lifestyle changes and medications can help
prevent and treat CVD. Controlling risk factors through regular exercise, a Mediterranean-style diet high in oily fish, fruits/veggies and unsaturated fats, and avoiding smoking can make a big difference. Medications like statins, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers and aspirin also play key roles.
Early detection is vital - be sure to have regular
cardiovascular health checks after age 40-45 years. Pay attention to concerning
symptoms like chest pain, palpitations, breathing difficulties, swollen legs, and get prompt medical attention for these.
At Hormone Harmony Clinic, our expert physicians specialize in optimizing heart health through cutting-edge hormonal therapies and personalized lifestyle plans. Book a consultation today to discuss reducing your CVD risk and improving cardiovascular function.
I hope this overview on cardiovascular disease has been helpful! Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions.
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